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Ø Meaning and Concept of Verification

Verification refers tore-checking the correctness. The main duty of an auditor is Verification of assets and liabilities. It is the act of making sure that the value of assets and liabilities existing in the organization is correct, also, the actual presence of assets and liabilities in the balance sheet is correct. Due to the presence of incorrect assets in the Balance sheet, then both Profit and Loss Account and Balance Sheet do not reflect a correct and trustworthy view about the organization. Read: Business valuation methods

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Thus, verification means confirming the certainty, accuracy and truthfulness. It is a process wherein the auditor makes sure that the assets are free from any kind of charge. During the process of verification, an auditor should consider the following points:

· Assuring the existence of assets.

· Acquiring the assets for business.

· Assuring proper valuation of assets.

· Assuring that the assets are free from any charge.

Ø Meaning and Concept of Valuation

Valuation refers to calculating the value of assets and liabilities and investigating the calculated values on the basis of Accounting Standards and Principals. A legitimate officer has to value assets & liabilities and the auditor should ensure that whether they have complied with all the rules and regulations. Auditor can rely upon the valuation done by concerned authorized person but it should be mentioned in the report because an auditor is not a technical person.

An auditor should emphasize on the following points related to the assets while valuing assets:

· Original cost.

· Expected working life.

· Wear and tear.

· Scrap value.

Ø Approaches of valuation of different types of assets.

The approaches of valuation of different types of assets vary depending upon the type of business and the ultimate goal for which the assets are being held. The approaches to value different types of assets is given as below: Read: Marek Value vs Book Value

1. Fixed assets: These types of assets are permanent in nature and are held with the motive of earning income and not with the motive of re-sale in the ordinary course of the business. Land and Building, Plant and Machinery, Furniture etc. are a few examples of fixed assets. These assets can be valued at cost price less total depreciation in their value by using them constantly.

2. Wasting Assets:These assets are of fixed nature and are depleted constantly, due to which they lose a part of their value in the process of working such as mines, oil wells etc. A very common method of valuation is showing the value of such assets in the balance sheet at its original cost and provision is made for depreciation and depletion according to the estimated exhaustion of these assets.

3. Intangible assets: These assets have an ability to produce income but cannot be touched or seen. Goodwill, patents, copyrights, licenses etc. are few examples. They are generally valued in the same manner as fixed assets are valued, that is at the Cost Price.

4. Current Assets: These assets are employed in the organization and held for the purposes of consumption, resale or conversion into cash. Stock-in-trade, book-debts, cash and bills receivable etc. are a few examples. Value of these assets must be calculated at original or the market price, whichever is lower.

Ø The key implication of accurate valuation of assets and liabilities is clearly indicated in the undernoted chart:

Ø Importance of Verification and Valuation of Assets and Liabilities

Assets and liabilities are considered to be an important part of a business with the help of which Balance Sheet is prepared. An auditor should present true and fair view of the information that is provided through balance sheet. Its importance can be highlighted as follows: Read:What is Public Finance

1. To reflect the Actual Financial Position

A Balance sheet is maintained to reflect the actual financial position of a business. If proper valuation is not done then such balance sheet does not reflect true and fair information about the organization. So, in order to show the real financial position, verification and valuation of assets and liabilities becomes very important.

2. To know the actual position of Profits and Losses

If proper valuation of assets is not done then depreciation and other expenses on assets will be incorrectly calculated. So, to calculate the actual amount of profits and losses, proper valuation of assets and liabilities becomes an essential part.

3. To increase value of Goodwill

Proper valuation gives a fair and true view about the profitability and financial position of a business.So that people can have positive attitude towards the company. Thus, positive attitude of public leads to increased goodwill of the organization.

4. To provide assurance to the Shareholders

Verification and Valuation provides actual reflection about assets and liabilities to the shareholders which assures them that their investment in the organization is safe.

5 Ease in selling

In order to sell company, it can be sold at the price which is mentioned in the balance sheet, but before selling, the assets whose valuation is not done, need to be valued first for getting the accurate selling price.

6. Ease in getting loans

An audited balance sheet which is approved by an auditor is released to the general public which increases the confidence and trust of the investors towards the company. Thus, financial institutes provide loans easily to such companies.

7. Ease in getting Compensation for losses

The insurance company provides compensation for any loss that take place because of any incident on the basis of valuation of assets. So, if the valuation is done in an appropriate manner then the company can easily get compensation for the losses occurred.

Conclusion

An auditor is not required to evaluate the values of assets and liabilities. He has to ascertain that the profit and loss account shows true profit or true loss for a particular financial year and balance sheet shows a true and fair view of the affairs of the company at the close of the financial year. Therefore, he should carefully analyze all the figures, inquire into the basis of valuation by taking the help of experts and satisfy himself that the assets and liabilities are valued according to the accounting standards and principles.

If the market value of the assets is available then that market value should be verified with the quotations of stock exchange. The Profit and Loss Account and Balance Sheet should show a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the company at the end of the financial year. Therefore, reasonable care should be taken and basis of valuation should be inquired from the technical experts and different classes of assets should be valued in accordance with the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles and Standards.

In these days, when everything can be recorded and retrieved at a later time, you wonder why courts are still dependent on court reporters. There is video and audio recording and other technology that can be used instead.

What are the advantages that human court reporters have over technology? Why do courts still reach out to top court reporters when they could simply flick a switch and get the session recorded for posterity? Isn't every other industry opting for technology?

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Well, here’s why.

1. A human is more accurate in this circumstance than an electronic system.

“Are you kidding me?!” I hear you ask in consternation. You see, a human can distinguish between sounds that need to be left out of a recording and those that should be included. A machine will record everything, including someone in the audience sneezing. The electronic system will latch onto that and try to translate it. A human court report will ignore that because it is not applicable to the proceedings.

A top court reporter has the advantage of speed and accuracy. If you are working with one such, you do not need automation.

2. Speed

The best court reporters can go head to head with the most effective systems, but they have one up on the techno reporter. As mentioned earlier, the human reporter knows what sounds to leave out whereas the electronic system does not.

In addition, a live human reporter with an effective software recording system will be able to deliver the complete work promptly. The software transmits the translated information to the judges, counsel and jurors in seconds, making it possible for them to make crucial decisions live.

3. Automation and other technology are expensive.

Installing automated systems is an expensive venture. This is especially because the systems will be needed in other facilities aside from the courtroom. The recordings of the depositions will be required in the conference rooms, boardrooms and other facilities. A human court reporter can move wherever they are needed or provide copies.

4. The human court reporter can provide written transcripts.

This the court reporter can do fast. Transcribing from automated systems can take weeks, which could be very expensive for the legal process in the long run. A court reporter will deliver the written documentation accurately and when needed.

5. Return on investment

When you consider all the factors, technology in this particular industry does not give you value for your investment. The cost of hiring a court reporter is by far less than purchasing and installing electronic systems for recording proceedings.

The equipment will need maintenance and repair. Then there are delays sometimes caused by malfunctioning aside from the others already mentioned. Besides, a human will still be needed to transcribe content from the electronic systems.

Well, here’s an industry where the machines are not about to take over!

It is interesting that when so many other sectors are embracing automation to make their work and productivity better, the legal systems still consider top court reporters irreplaceable and will not rush for electronic devices to record court proceedings.